Hg N har muterats från K
Haplogrupp K är fadern till alla Hg från Asien till europa. hg R och asiatiska hg Q har samma pappa Hg P. hg R Q och NO har samma pappa " hg K.
In human genetics, Haplogroup K (M9) is a Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.
It first appeared approximately 40,000 years ago in Iran or southern Central Asia. Today, haplogroup K and its descendant haplogroups are the patrilineal ancestors of most of the people living in the Northern Hemisphere, including most Europeans, Asians, and Native Americans. Other lineages derived from Haplogroup K are found among Melanesian populations, indicating an ancient link between most Eurasians and some populations of Oceania.
This haplogroup is a descendant of Haplogroup F (M89). Its major descendant haplogroups are K2 (M70), L (M20), M (M4), NO (M214) (plus NO's descendants N and O), and P (M45) (plus P's descendants Q and R). Haplogroups K1, K3, K4, K5, K6, and K7 are found only at low frequency among various populations of Eurasia, Oceania, and northern Africa.
totalt så finns det 0.2 miljon sibiriska män som bär på N3 men upp emot 35 miljoner europeiska män som bär N3 Letter,Finnar,ester,ryssar,ukrainare,litauer,tyskar,svenskar,norrmän och den N du finner i baltikum/finland skiljer sig mycket från den du finner i Sibirien.
N3 ålder i europa är runt 8000 år.
Meanwhile, it is interesting to note that the calculations of Kasperaviciuteet al. (2004) suggested very similar expansion times, around 7000 - 8000 BP, for the Lithuanian and Estonian hg N3 Y chromosomes, which are probably also applicable to Latvians. Therefore, it is indeed possible that the spread of hg N3 among the ancestral populations of Estonians, on the one hand, and the Baltic-speaking populations on the other, pre-date the advent of the Neolithic age in the East Baltic and may be part of the post-LGM re-colonisation of the region.
http://dienekes.blogspot.com/2005/11/mt ... vians.html
Internal calculation (with Zhiv's 2004) from Baltic Sea N3's comes up with age roughly 8000 bp (samples from Estonia and Lithuania). Also N2e most likely arose in E-Europe some 6000bp.
Att finsk-ugriskan pratades i nordeuropa före andra språk är en självklarhet.
https://oa.doria.fi/dspace/bitstream/10 ... bstrat.pdf [/quote]
Saarikivi concludes:
- There is a major finnic substrata component in north-russian dialects
- There is a local saami substrata in certain north-russian dialects
- Both finnic and saami substratas are not from living languages but are still identifiable as saamic or finnic
- Novgorodian dialect has finnic substrata (not from living finnic language)
North-russian typonymes are allmost entiraly finnic in nature but also some saamic placenames have been identified.
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Komi-Zyriane language has been spoken more western than now.
- Balto-finnic languages spread suprisingly from west to east (not otherway around as thought earlier)
- There is loanword layer in both balto-finnic and komi-zyriane which reveal contact time and zone between the languages
- In central-russian dialect there is another kind of finno-ugric substrata, most likely meryan
- Meryan language is now considered as it's own node inside of finno-ugric language family (not as perm-finnic or volga-finnic)
- There are several proto-germanic loanwords in russian language, these are through finnic proxy
- There are several different layers of finnic typonymes, meaning smooth transition from one language to another. This also implies several wawes of language migrations.
- Samoyedic languages have been throught at least two language shifts.
Jag tycker att x-kromosomen är betydligt viktigare att studera än Y-kromosomen
Fakta om X-kromosomen
Human Y chromosomes are haploid and lack recombination over most of their length. Thus, they are transmitted by males to their male offspring and remain unaltered from generation to generation, establishing patrilineages that remain stable until a mutation supervenes. Human Y chromosomal DNA polymorphisms are consequently paternal lineage markers that have been extremely useful in human evolutionary studies.
Since in males the X chromosome is also haploid, determination of haplotypes is straightforward. We reasoned that if we could identify genetic markers on the human X chromosome in regions where recombination is rare or absent, we might be able to study human X chromosome genealogies in an analogous fashion to those based on investigations of Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms.
These X chromosome genealogies would have the interesting peculiarity that in every generation half of the X chromosomes in females and all X chromosomes in males (2/3 of the total) will change sexes. Thus, X chromosome lineages should provide simultaneous information about both the male and female components of the population. This contrasts with Y chromosome genealogies, which examine only patrilineages, and with mtDNA genealogies, which examine only matrilineages.
Several authors have emphasized that the history of patrilineages and matrilineages in human populations are diverse. Thus, the comparison of X chromosome genealogies with those of Y chromosomes and mtDNA should be informative of past population history.
Festligt hur svårt du har för att finländarna är Européer/ur-Européer, men däremot anser du det vara troligt att ett av Europas ljusaste folk, med det kanske nordligaste utseendet, har sent inkommet asiatisk blod i sig genom en av deras förfäder genomförda spurt från Kina??
Att finnarna är dom mest blondaste och blåögda folken på jorden är tack vare dom recessiva generna som ärvs från både föräldrarna.Dom mest blondaste folken lever i områden där hg N3 är som mest dominerande, Finland,Balticum, Nordvästra ryssland.
I år har skrivits mera on FU språkets samband med sumer:
Det är korrekt

inte bara språken som har likheter även myter och gudanamn.Att 1700 sumeriska ord kan spåras till proto-FU är rätt intressant
The Sumerians thus came to Mesopotamia from the north, where the Uralic language family is located (Fig. 11), and by studying the lexical evidence and the grammatical features which Sumerian shares with individual Uralic languages, it is possible to make additional inferences about their origins. The closest affinities of Sumerian within the Uralic family are with the Volgaic and Finnic languages, particularly the latter, with which it shares a number of significant phonological, morphological and lexical isoglosses. The latter include, among other things, a common word for "sea, ocean" (Sumerian ab or a-ab-ba, Finnic aava, aappa), and common words for cereals, sowing and harvesting, domestic animals, wheeled vehicles, and the harness of draught animals (Fig. 12).
The lexical parallels between Sumerian and Uralic thus open up not only completely new possibilities for the study of Sumerian, but also a chance to identify the original homeland of the Sumerians and date their arrival in Mesopotamia. In addition, they provide a medium through which it becomes possible to penetrate into the prehistory of the Finno-Ugric peoples with the help of very ancient linguistic data. Of course, it is clear that the relevant evidence must first pass the test of verification or falsification before any part of it can be generally accepted and exploited.
http://forum.index.hu/EditArticle/Repla ... &t=9148137