Baltiron skrev:Robert Sköld skrev:Då var det troligtvis när den Stalinistiska repressionen satt igång Baltiron.
/Robert Sköld
Uppgiften gällde modern tid. Jag har däremot ingen anledning att tro att de tidiga kommunisterna var särskilt toleranta mot homosexuella. Såvott jag förstår var de tidiga kommunisterna ganska macho. De lär ha slängt epitetet fjolla efter Kerensky.
Jag får moderera min uppfattning. Det här är vad som sägs på den site Martin Lundvall refererat till:
As would be expected, the social and political realignments of the first socialist state greatly affected the lives of Moscow's homosexuals. Revolution brought pluses and minuses for them. On the one hand, formal legalization of sodomy between consenting adults came with the first Bolshevik criminal code (1922), and this along with marriage, divorce and abortion legislation was heralded as the most radical sex reform in Europe (Healey 1993: 37). Yet the regime's instrumental view of law, and frank embrace of terror, meant political campaigns (especially in the 1930s, during the first Five Year Plans) could overwhelm mere legislation.
och
With sodomy legalized from 1922 until 1934, formal court records hold less information than in previous and subsequent periods of criminalization. The psychiatric literature of the 1920s presents a shift of interest away from male homosexuality toward lesbianism, leaving us with fewer sources on men's same-sex relations for the entire decade.
Å andra sidan så tycks det istället ha uppstått praktiska problem:
In the early Soviet period, many venues for meeting, such as bath-houses or sympathetic bars, were nationalized and consequently grew less likely to function as homosexual gathering points or havens for same-sex prostitution. Locations for 'balls of women-haters,' or even homosexual poetry readings, hired in the past in private transactions, were now controlled by government functionaries hostile to displays of disorder.
http://www.gay.ru/english/history/moscow/19171991.htm
Här finns en kort historik om sovjetisk homofobi indelad i fem perioder. Perioden 1917-1933 definieras som
decriminalization of homosexuality, relative tolerance, homosexuality officially labelled a disease
Dock med påoekandet:
The initiative for revocation of antihomosexual legislation, following the Revolution of February 1917, had come, not from the Bolsheviks but from the Cadets (Constitutional democrats) and the anarchists (Karlinsky*, 1989)
Vidare nämns att praxis och lagtext inte alltid sammanföll:
As Engelstein* (1995) justly mentions, the formal decriminalization of sodomy did not mean that such conduct was invulnerable to prosecution. The absence of formal statutes against anal intercourse or lesbianism did not stop the prosecution of homosexual behavior as a form of disorderly conduct. After the 1922 Penal Code was published there were in that same year at least two known trials for homosexual practices.
Lite senare nämns att när lagen ändrades 1933 så ändrades lagen tills nedan:
According to Article 121 of the Russian Federation criminal code, muzhelozhstvo was punishable by deprivation of freedom of up to 5 years and, by Article 121.2, in cases of physical force or threat thereof, or exploitation of the victim's dependent status or involvement of a minor, a term of up to 8 years.
Som en liten bakgrund om de ideologiska resonemangen:
In January 1936, Nikolai Krylenko, People's Commissar for Justice, announced that homosexuality was a product of the decadence of the exploiting classes who knew no better, but that in a democratic society founded on healthy principles there was no place for such people (Kozlovsky*, 1986). Homosexuality was thus tied to counterrevolution. Later, Soviet medical authorities and lawyers described homosexuality as a manifestation of "moral decadence of the bourgeoisie," reiterating verbatim the arguments of German fascists.
Det känner jag igen, det här pratade Baude om.
http://www.gay.ru/english/history/kon/soviet.htm
Så det kanske är som vanligt. Alla har lite rätt.
*Antar att Karlinsky, Engelstein och Koslovsky är källor, annars är årtalen svårförklarliga.
(Skit, jag lyckade trycka ändra istället för citera)
