Ustasja?

[Björn E]

Vad var Ustasja-rörelsen egentligen? En kroatisk motsvarighet till tyska SA?

[Grape]

Du finner lite information här http://krigsforum.se/forum/viewtopic.ph ... ght=ustasa

Dom var nog motsvarigheten till SS. Hade en jugdend gren också tror jag.
Ledare hette Ante Pavelic och hade status fuhrer.

[Thorbjörn Wikström]

Nu är inte detta mitt specialämne direkt, det är väl en kroatisk nationaliströrelse.

Detta fann jag på Historiska museets frågosida:

Fråga: Hej. Jag undrar om ni skulle kunna svara på vad terroristorganisationen Ustasja står för? Tack på förhand.

Stockholm 2004-05-26 22:55:19

Svar: Ustasja är en nationalistisk och pro- fascistisk kroatisk terroristorganisation. Den grundades i samband med den jugoslaviska statens upprättande efter 1:a vkr. Dess grundare och ledare fram tom 2:a vkr var ursprungligen juristen Ante Pavelic(1889- 1959). Bland Ustasjas dåd kan nämnas mordet på Jugoslaviens kung, Alexander (och i förbifarten även den franske utrikesministern Barthou) i Marseilles, under ett statsbesök i Frankrike 1934. Ustasja blev alltmer pro- fascistiskt; Mussolini kan ha haft ett finger med i mordet på kungen. Under ockupationen av Jugoslavíen under 2:a vkr blev organisationen statsbärande parti i ett Stor-Kroatien, som omfattade även det nuv. Bosnien- Herzegovina. Nominellt var det ett kungadöme med en italiensk greve som kung, men denne besökte veterligen aldrig ens "sitt rike". Ante Pavelic styrde Kroatien som diktator med titeln "poglavnic", "ledare". Ustasja- regeringen var den antagligen ruskigaste och mest blodsölade av alla quisling- regimer inder 2:a vkr! Främst serber och judar förföljdes brutalt och skoningslöst. Vid ett tillfälle under kriget intervjuades Pavelic av en journalist. Plötsligt sade han: "Här ska ni få se vad mina trogna har sänt mig som gåva". Sedan tog Pavelic fram ett par hinkar som visade sig innehålla - människoögon! Vid ett tillfälle tycks en jude- pogrom ha togit sig så våldsamma uttryck att befälhavaren för en italiensk truppstyrka i närheten inte stod ut längre. Italienarna ingrep med vapenmakt och lyckades rädda just dessa judar. Man kan nämna att en allierad till Pvelic var Haj Amin al- Husaini, "stormufti " av Jerusalem, och något av en självutnämnd islamisk påve. Yassir Arafat( vars rätta namn är al- Husaini) har mem ärvt sin ställning som ledare för PLO efter denne. Stormuftin var i Bosnien och värvade bosniska muslimer för tyska Waffen- SS. Efter 2:a vkr upplöstes naturligtvis Ustasja- staten. Ante Pavelic flydde, enligt vissa uppgifter med den katolska kyrkans bistånd, till Argentina, där han kom att stå paret Peron nära. Han flydde Argentina 1957, enligt uppgift efter ett attentat utfört av den jugoslaviska säkerhetstjänsten. paveli blev i stället Francos gäst i spanien, och dog i Madrid 1959. Ustasja bestod dock, även om rörelsen med tiden splittrades på flera grenar. Det är känt hur ett par ustasja- män tog sig in på den jugoslaviska ambasaden i Stockholm och mördade ambassadören, 1971. Efter att andra ustasja- män hade kapat ett flyplan på Bulltofta flyplats 1972 såg sig den svenaka regeringen tvungen att släppa mördarna. De och deras kompisar begav sig även de till Franco- spanien. Åtm. en av mördarna stupade sedermera i strid i Kroatien under inbördeskriget i början av 1990- talet.

Hittade även denna länk när jag sökte:

http://www.balkan-archive.org.yu/kosta/ ... tasja.html

Bla gjorde extrema kroater en attack i Göteborg 1971 mot Jugoslaviska ambasande, kapade ett SAS plan 1972 samnt dödade Jugoslaviens ambasadör 1971 i Sverige. Är det någon som vet mer?

Isåfall flyttar vi tråden till Modern tid!!

Thorbjörn

[Björn E]

Tack, Thorbjörn!

Enligt Marcus Wendels utmärkta Axis History Factbook var Ustasja även en militär organisation, som bestod av ett flertal brigader utöver den kroatiska arméns reguljära styrkor. Var dessa underordnade armén eller var de "självständiga" på samma sätt som Waffen-SS var i förhållande till Heer?

[Thorbjörn Wikström]

Om den militära delen under wwii tror jag att feldgrau har ganska ok beskriving på.

http://www.feldgrau.com/a-croatia.html

Thorbjörn

[Bagheera]

Egna upplevelser av Ustasja´s närvaro är från mitten av 80-talet då jag befann mig då o då i Kroatien.
Jag var där vartannat år på "social" konferens i Zadar på universitetet med andra västerlänningar, hur trevligt som helst då man också umgicks med de inhemska forskarna och studenterna.
Reste dit oftare och hade god kontakt med befolkningen då jag och en kroatiska hade fattat tycke för varandra.

Det hängde en del flaggor på husväggarna. Jag frågade henne vad detta var för flagga. Det vill jag inte säga var hennes svar. Men berättade till slut. Hon skämdes så, och hatade de Ustasja-flaggor som fanns där. "Men akta dig för vad du säger, de människorna är livsfarliga".

"Du är svensk, och min pappa är Överste i Jugoslaviska armen, Montenegrin, de vet säkert om oss båda, du o mig, de kan vilja "ta oss" på en bakgata. Tala inte politik överhuvdtaget."

Dragana var med andra ord livrädd för Ustasja.

Och Jugoslavien upplöstes först 1992, men Utsasja fanns uppenbarligen kvar innan som en kraft på 80-talet. Flaggorna hängde där, och rädslan fanns för Ustasja bland även de som bodde i, och var födda i Kroatien.

[Necros]

Här kan du finna en del information om Ustasha-rörelsen.

Vojska.net - Independent State of Croatia

/Mikael Sundholm

[Alabama Man]

Här ska ni få se vad mina trogna har sänt mig som gåva". Sedan tog Pavelic fram ett par hinkar som visade sig innehålla - människoögon

Är inte det där bara en myt?

[Alabama Man]

MYTH: "THE BASKET OF HUMAN EYEBALLS"
Myth: The Croatian wartime Chief-of-State Ante Pavelic routinely maintained a basket containing twenty kilos of human eyeballs at his desk side.

Reality: This statement is literally a work of fiction taken from the novel Kaputt by Curzio Malaparte (Kurt Suckert, also known as Gianni Strozzi). The book was written as fiction, sold as fiction, and is cataloged in every library in the world as fiction. To cite Kaputt as a source about World War II is analogous to citing Gone With the Wind as an authoritative history of the American Civil War.

That this tired tale is still being retold is the second most amazing part of this myth. More amazing is that anybody, no matter how blinding their hatred of Croatians, could believe it. And yet this myth was quoted as fact as recently as 1991 in official publications printed in Belgrade by the Ministry of Information of the Republic of Serbia and repeated by naive journalists in Britain and North America.

Kaputt

The myth survived and was given renewed life by the Serbian government, journalists and politicians because it came with quotation marks. The legend had a footnote, a citation, an author and all the trappings of fact. The author was often cited as "the most famous Italian writer," "the Italian journalist" and even the "famed Italian historian," Curzio Malaparte. His famous quote from the 1946 English translation of the novel Kaputt reads:


While he spoke, I gazed at a wicker basket on the Poglavnik's desk (Poglavnik was Ante Pavelic's title). The lid was raised and the basket seemed to be filled with mussels, or shelled oysters -- as they are occasionally displayed in the windows of Fortnum and Mason in Piccadilly in London.
Casertano looked at me and winked, "Would you like a nice oyster stew-!

"Are they Dalmatian oysters?" I asked the Poglavnik.

Ante Pavelic removed the lid from the basket and revealed the mussels, that slimy and jelly-like mass, and he said smiling, with that tired good-natured smile of his, "It is a present from my loyal ustashis. Forty pounds of human eyes.


Kaputt and its author both had fascinating stories to tell. In the original press release for the book, Malaparte claimed that the manuscript was started in the Ukraine in 1941 and smuggled throughout Europe in secret coat linings and in the soles of his shoes. Finally, the manuscript was divided into three parts and given to three diplomats, to be reunited in 1943 on Capri where it was finished.
The book chronicled Malaparte's movements around Europe in 1941 and 1942 when he visited every front and knew every head of state, usually on a first name basis. Malaparte apparently spoke every language and shared the charms of every beautiful princess on the continent. According to his own preface to Kaputt, his personal friendships with Mussolini, Hitler and others did not save him from being thrown into jail in July 1943 for being anti-German. Miraculously, he was soon freed and was working for the Allies by September of that year. It was while working as a propagandist for the Allies that Malaparte completed Kaputt, a book which he described as "...horribly gay and gruesome."

The critics agreed. Malaparte's two major books, Kaputt and Skin were labeled "Best selling Nausea" by Time magazine which christened Malaparte as "...a sort of Jean Paul Spillane." Malaparte's writings contained page after page of sordid tales about the evil world of Fascist Europe. Malaparte's basket of human eyeballs must be taken in context, as Time magazine wrote in 1952:


He shows mothers who sell their children into prostitution; but then, says Malaparte with a smirk, there are also the children who would gladly sell their mothers. He dwells for part of a chapter on a street peopled with twisted female dwarfs, who fed, he asserts gleefully, on the unnatural lust in the American ranks. Another chapter is concerned with a visit to a shop that sells blonde pubic wigs. U.S. soldiers, Malaparte explains, like blondes.

These offensive themes only scratch the surface of Malaparte's sick writings. That the Allies won the War through the devices of a "homosexual maquis," flags of human skin, and an Allied general who served his guests a boiled child are all included in Malaparte's fare.
Suckert-Malaparte-Strozzi

"Malaparte" himself was an enigma. He was born Kurt Erich Suckert in 1898 in Prato, Italy of Austrian, Russian and Italian descent. He attended the Collegio Cicognini and the University of Rome. He joined the Fascists at an early age and soon became the darling of the Fascist Propaganda Ministry where he wrote glowing volumes and even a work of poetry in praise of Mussolini. He served as a journalist for Corriere della Sera and traveled to Ethiopia in 1939. What happened after that depends upon which "Malaparte" is read. The world-traveling statesman fictionalized in his novels spent the war years in almost constant meetings with the likes of Mussolini, Count Ciano, Ante Pavelic and the rich and powerful of Europe. Interestingly, Pavelic's name was misspelled "Pavelich" (harder sounding ch instead of softer sounding ch) in all of his writings. Later, Malaparte claimed to have been one of "three Italian officers who organized the Italian Army of Liberation which fought for the Allies." After the fall of Mussolini he began writing under the name Gianni Strozzi for the Communist daily L'Unita. That year he applied for, but was refused, Communist Party membership. Still later, he went to work for the Allied Fifth Army Headquarters as a minor liaison officer. Just as he had served the Fascists and the Communists, Malaparte sought to ingratiate himself with his new masters. "The American Army is the kindest army in the world...I like Americans...and I proved it a hundred times during the war...their souls are pure, much purer than ours," Malaparte gushed. In November of 1952 a far different Malaparte wrote that in fact he had fallen out with Mussolini in 1934. Not only did he never meet most of the great leaders he wrote about, he admitted: "In 1938 I still remained under police control and was put in prison as a preventive measure every time a Nazi chief visited Rome...and from 1933 until the liberation, I was deprived of a passport..."

Once called "Fascism's Strongest Pen," Malaparte angered Hitler with a book written in 1931 about the techniques of the coup d' etat. He was jailed by Mussolini from 1933 to 1938 and kept on a very short leash for the remainder of the Fascist era. The Italian Defense Ministry did confirm that he once served as a liaison officer to the Allies, but flatly denied that he had anything to do with organizing Italy's Army of Liberation. A prolific author of short stories and fictionalized accounts of Fascist victories, Suckert-Malaparte-Strozzi did interview Ante Pavelic during the War. The interview recounted in Kaputt, in Pavelic's office, was recorded on film. There is no basket or any conversation regarding a basket to be seen.

After the War, Malaparte continued to write, as well as direct and produce movies, and was active in the Communist Party. In the Spring of 1957 the Party sent him on a comradely visit to China. Shortly after his return, he died on July 19, 1957. An enigma to the end, the viciously anti-Catholic Malaparte renounced Communism and converted to Catholicism on his death bed. Later, Malaparte's friend and fellow journalist Victor Alexandrov let it be known that Malaparte had admitted the story was fiction. Thus Curzio Malaparte and his unpleasant fiction have been relegated to the dust bin of literary history in all of the world except Belgrade.

Från Croatia: Myth & Reality