Inlägg
av koroshiya » 08 okt 2007 22:18
Sporrad av vad skrivare skrev i i tråden om lidvikingar, tänkte jag att det kunde vara en bra idé att visa vad Bosworth/Toller skriver även om vikingar.
wícing, es; m. A pirate, sea-robber :-- Wícing (wigcing, v. l.) oððe scegðman pirata, Ælfc. Gr. 7; Zup. 24, 9.: pirata vel piraticus vel cilix, Wrt. Voc. i. 18, 59. Wícing oððe flotman pirata, 73, 74: archipirata, Hpt. Gl. 501, 35. Yldest wícing, Wrt. Voc. i. 18, 60. Philippus scipa gegaderode and wícingas wurdon, and sóna án .c. and eahtatig ceápscipa geféngon Philippus, ut pecuniam praedando repararet, piraticam adgressus est. Captas centum et septuaginta naves mercibus confertas disiraxit, Ors. 3, 7; Swt. 116, 3. Metellus fór on Belearis ðæt lond, and oferwan ða wícingas ðe on ðæt land hergedon Metellus Baleares insulas bello pervagatus edomuit, et piraticam infestationem compressit, 5, 5; Swt. 226, 23. ¶ in passages dealing with English affairs the word refers to the Northmen :-- Ðeáh þræ-acute;la hwylc hláforde æthleápe and of cristendóme to wícinge weorðe (become a pirate, go over to the Danes), Wulfst. 162, 6. Hé stang wlancne wícing, Byrht. Th. 135, 56; By. 139. Ðá flotan, wícinga fela, 133, 60; By. 73: 134, 40; By. 97. Ðý geáre gegaderode ón hlóþ wícenga (-inga, v. l.), Chr. 879; Erl. 80, 28. Ðá métton hié .xvi. scipu wícenga (-inga, v. l.), 885; Erl. 82, 28. Gegaderode micel here hine of Eást-Englum, æ-acute;gðer ge ðæs landheres ge ðara wícinga ðe hié him tó fultume áspanen hæfdon, 921; Erl. 107, 15. Wearð wícingum wiþerleán ágifen, Byrht. Th. 135, 10; By. 116. Ðæt mynster æt Westbyrig wearð þurh yfele men and wícingas eall áwést (cf. bereáfode þurh Densce men, 446, 6), Chart. Th. 447, 8. [Icel. víkingr. Cf. O. Frs. witsing, wising.] v. sæ-acute;-, út-wícing.
Som ni ser översätter de ordet med pirat utan hänsyn till etnicitet eller annat. Därför kan man i Alfreds Orosius läsa att det fanns vikingar i medelhavet redan före kristi födelse. I sammanhanget kan det kanske även vara intressant att visa följande verb.
wícian; p. ode. I. to lodge, take up one's quarters, v. wíc, I:--Eallum ús leófre ys wíkian (hospitari) mid ðam yrþlinge þonne mid ðé; for ðam se yrþling sylþ ús hláf and drenc, Coll. Monast. Th. 31, 1. Án his manna wolde wícian æt ánes búndan húse, Chr. 1048; Erl. 177, 36. II. to camp, encamp, v. wíc, IV. (1) to stop in the course of an expedition or march :-- Hé ástyrede his fyrdwíc forð tó Iordanen and wícode þreó niht wið ða eá movit castra, veneruntque ad Jordanem, et morati sunt ibi tres dies, Jos. 3, 1: Elen. Kmbl. 130; El. 65. Hig fóron fram Sochoþ and wícodon æt Etham (castrametati sunt in Etham), Ex. 13, 20: 15, 27: Jos. 4, 19. Wícedon, Elen. Kmbl. 76; El. 38. Ðú cans eal ðis wésten and wásð hwæ-acute;r wé wícian magon tu nosti, in quibus locis per desertum castra ponere debeamus, Past. 41; Swt. 304, 16. Ðá hét ic míne fyrd restan and wícian ego jussi castra poni, Nar. 8, 26. Ðá com Eustachius mid his here tó ðam túne ... Wæs seó wunung þæ-acute;r swýþe wynsum on tó wícenne, and his geteld wæ-acute;ron gehende hire wununge geslagene, Homl. Skt. ii. 30, 315. (1 a) of an object that moves :-- Nihtweard (the pillar of fire) nýde sceolde wícian ofer weredum, Cd. Th. 185, 3; Exod. 117. (2) to occupy a position for a time :-- Ðá wícode se cyng on neáweste ðare byrig ða hwíle ðe hié hiera corn gerypon, Chr. 896; Erl. 94, 5. Hé wícode ðæ-acute;r ða hwíle ðe man ða burg worhte, 913; Erl. 102, 6. Tó ðæ-acute;m monnum ðe on eásthealfe ðære é wícodon, 894; Erl. 92, 30. Seó eorþe tóbærst ðæ-acute;r ðæ-acute;r hí wícodon mid wífum and mid cyldum on heora geteldum, Homl. Skt. i. 13, 226. III. in case of travel by water, to land :-- Þyder hé cwæð ðæt man mihte geseglian on ánum mónðe, gyf man on niht wícode ... and ealle ða hwíle hé sceal seglian be lande, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 19, 13. Ðá hí ofersegledon, hí cómon to Genesar and ðár wícedon cum transfretassent, peruenerunt in terram Gennesareth, et applicuerunt, Mk. Skt. 6, 53. [Wikien &yogh;e scullen here (wonieþ nou here, 2nd MS.), Laym. 18102.] v. ge-, ymb-wícian.
I boken "The Scandinavians : from the Vendel period to the tenth century : an ethnographic perspective" finns ett kapitel där man använder sig av betydelsen pirater.